Index 667 Richards, I A , 473 ff Rig-Veda? 407 Rivarol, 346 Romanal, 468 Romance languages, 193, 194, 309 ff, 349 ff Romance languages, common features, 313 Romance languages, Latin and, 181 Romance speakers, number, 406 romamzation, desirability of universal, 88 Romans ch, 347 root-inflected languages, 195, 205-9 roots, 53, 169-70 roots, Greek, and technics, 496-9 roots, international, 494 ff roots, Semitic, 71, 424-5 Rosetta stone, 77-8 Royal Society, 443, 446-7 rules in language-learning, 34-6 Rumanian, 194, 347-8 Runic script, 75-6, 265 Russian, 193, 194, 406, 415-16 Russian, Great, 413, 416 Russian, Little, 413, 416 Russian, White, 413, 416 Samoyede, 198 Sanskrit, 180-1, 406, 407-10 Sapir, E, 493 Sassem, iSo Scaliger, J J , 178 Scandinavian languages, 194, 276 ff Schlegel, F, iSr Schleyer, J M , 455 ff scientific terminology, 251 Scots, 223 Scots Gaelic, see Gaelic script forms, circumstances influen- cing, 74 script forms, missionaries and, 203 self-expression, skill needed for, 27 semaphore code, 78 Semitic languages, 70-1, 193, 1913 420-5 sentence, complex, i62ff, 172 separable verbs, 302-3 Septuagint, 253 Serbo-Croatian, 193, 194* 4*3 sermo urbamts and sermo rusncus> 311 sex and gender, 114 short sentences, advantages, 164-5 shorthand, 86, 87 Siamese, 193, 194,, 425 signalling, 85 signposts of Latin origin, 240—1 signposts of Teutonic origin, 227 Sindhi, 411 Slavonic languages, 193, 194, 413-16 Slavonic speakers, number, 406 Slovak, 193, 194, 413 Slovene, 194, 413 Somali, 193, 194, 420 n Serbian, 413 sound changes, 47-8 sound changes, in Latin languages, sound changes, Latin, 326 sound-replacement, 185-6, 187, 188 sound-shifts, 224 ff, 231, 235, 284 sounds and symbols, 228 Spanish, 194, 242 ff, 309 ff, 343^ 349 ff , see also Romance Spanish, Arabic elements m, 313, 344 Spanish pronunciation, 254-5 Spanish spelling, 383-4 speech communities, small, 15 Spehn, 459 spelling changes, English, 82-3 spelling, comparative, 47-8 spelling, Danish, 237-8 spelling, Dutch, 236 spelling, German, 234-5 spelling of auxiliary language, 486 spelling, rational, 78 ff spelling reform, 88 spelling^ Scandinavian, 237-8 spelling, Spanish, 383-4 Strasbourg, Oaths of, 312 stress, in Geiman, 235 stress, in Romance languages, 259 stressed pronouns, French, 363-4 strong verbs, 107 subject, 116-17 subject-object distinction, words and, 170, 488 subject-predicate relation, 130 subjunctive, 120 subjunctive, German, 307-8 subjunctive, Romance, 394-5 subordinate clause, 162 subordinate conjunctions, 161 ff substantives, 90, 125 Suetonius, 318 suffixes, 53 , see also affixes