Modern Descendants of Latin 385 The fate of habere is a comparatively sample story Its modern repre- sentatives in Italian (AVERE) and in French (AVOIR) still have a pos- sessive significance The French and Italians also use parts ofavere or avoir as we use have or had in compound past tense-forms of all verbs other than* (a) those which are reflexive (or pseudo-reflexive)., (6) most intransitive verbs (including espeaaliy those which signify motion) This is in keeping (pp. 271) with the use of the German haben and Swedish hava. We can use the Spanish HABER to build up compound past tenses of all verbs, but it never denotes possession The Spanish equivalent for have in a possessive sense is TENER (Latin tenere == to hold). TENER sometimes invades the territory of the Spanish HABER as a helper The Portuguese equivalent TER has completely taken over the function of habere, both in its original possessive sense and as a helper to signify perfected action The following examples illustrate the use of modern descendants ofhabete and tenere as helpers CONJUGATION OF TENER (SPANISH), TER (PORTUGUESE), TENERE (LATIN) TENER TER TENERE TENER TER TENERE tengo tenho teneo tendre terei tienes tens tenes tendras teras tiene tern tenet tendra tera see tenemos temos tenemus tendremos teremos P 339 ten&s tendes tenetis tendreis tereis tienen tenent tendran tei5o ** r tenia tinha tenebam « r jtendria tena u 1 tenias ripViftq tenebas 1 tendrias terias