Modern Descendants of Latin

373

voir (to see) and the locative particles ci (= ici) and la So voici (Old
French vm a) once meant see here, and voila (Old French vat Id) see
there Both occur in modern French^ but conversational language tends
towards using voila without discriminating between here and there. The
following examples show how these gesture substitutes are used void
man cheque (here is my check1)* la voila (here or there she is1)* le voila
parti (off he goes or went^y voila deux ans que (it is now two years that)
The Italian equivalent is ecco (Latin eccum), as in eccolo (here he is!),
ecco unfiammifeto (here is a matchr)

ROMANCE POINTER WORDS AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS

(see p 371)

FRENCH
SPANISH
ITALIAN

(a) Demonstratives

CELUI-CI (CECl)

CELLE-CI (/)

this
ce(t) en

cette ci i>
^" J " *
* V,"-^* "^ J

ces ci j
-^5)
-H)

CELUI-LA (CA)
£5£(-^-O53

CFLLE-LA (/)
-^€5)

that
ce(t) la^ cette la ?
AQUEL (-LA,
QUELLO M, -/,

__.,, 1 I
-LOS, -LAS)
••S)

ces la J

which
quel (-le, -s, -les)
cual (-es)
quello (-flj -^ -^)

(&) Link pronouns — never omitted

THAT
QUE
CHE

WHAT
CE QUE
•
Cl6 CHE

WHOj WHICH (that)
QUI

1

(as subject)

• QUE
j

WHOM3 WHICH (that)
QUE

S CHE

(as object)

I

WHOM
QUI
1
J

(after a preposition)*

i

WHICH
(after a preposition)
LEQUEL
(LAQUELLE,
?• QUIEN (-E51)
f IL Or LA QUALE \IOfLE QUALI

LESQUELS3

LESQUELLES)
J

WHOSE, OF WHICH
DONT
DE QUIEN f-255)
rLorLA\

[DE QUI (pei sons')
(CUYO3-A3 -OS3
I or LE j CUI

DUQUEL3 etc 3
-AS)

P 376 (tfongsyi