Bir$s-Bye View of Teutonic Grammar 283

TEUTONIC INDEFINITE POINTER-WORDS

SWEDISH
DANISH
Duron
GERMANt

A, AN
en
(cl
een
m ( m & n )

ett (n )
et (n)

eine(f)

ALL (pi)*
alia
alle
al
alle

AS MUCH A»
Sdmycken(-r)som
baa mege«(-r) sorn
zooveel als
so wel me

BOTH
bada (bagge)
begge (baade)
be
;de

EACH, EVERY, EACH ONE
var
hver
elk(«),ieder (-e'S
jad^r (-«, -el

ENOUGH
nog
nok
gecceg
genug

EVERYONE
ENVAR
ENHVER
IEDEREEN
JEDERMANN(^IIB)

EVERYTHING
ALLT
ALT
AL
IES

FEW
fa
taa
weinige
Wcruge

MANY
manga
mange
veele
vrele

MUCH
mycken (-r)
megen (-j)
veel
viel

NO, NOT ANY
ingen (c ) tntet (n )
geen
kcm (m &. n ) kerne (f)

NOBODY
INGEN
NTO
4AND

!

NOTHING
INTET
NIETS
NTctrrs

ONE (pron )
MAN (EN)
A.EN
MW

ONLYt
enda
ene
eenigst -e)
einzig (e)

annan
anden

anderer ''m )

OTHES
annat andra
anaet andre
ander andere
andeies (n ) andere (f )

SSVE<4J,
flera
fiere
verscheidene
n^eurere,

nagon
nogen

\ersciuedene

SOME, ANY
nagot
nogei
eenig

nagra
nogle

SOMFONE
NAGON
NOGEN
IEMAND
jEj^AVD

SOMETHING
NA.GOT
NOGBT
IETS
ETW/S

SUCH
sadan C-r, -a)
saadan (-:, -e)
zulk (-e)
solcber (-«, -*)

den
(cs)
de (c s )
der (m s )

THE
det (n s )
het (n s )
das (n s )

de (pi )

die (f s & m n.f pi )

TOO MUCH
fdr myckew (-r)
for megen (-0
te veel
zuviel

THE SOUTHERN CLAN
The flexional passive of the Scandinavian verb and the terminal
definite article of the Scandinavian noun are features which the English
and the southern representatives of the Teutonic group have never had
at any stage in their common history The southern clan, which in-
cludes Dutch and German, also has positive grammatical character-
istics which its members do not share with its northern relatives
Three of them recall characteristics of Old English*
(i) The flexional ending of the third person singular of the present
tense of a Dutch or German verb is t In accordance with the
* All before a singular noun is equivalent to the whole (Swed kela, Dan hele,
Dutch geheel) German gans]
f Not as adverb, see p 341
t Invariant unless masculine, neuter and femmiac nominative case-forms are
m parenthesis