250 The Loom of Language Many Spanish words have come to look different from equivalent ones in other Romance languages because of the interpolation of an additional consonant LATIN ITALIAN SPANISH PORTUGUESE FRENCH ENGLISH fame fame hambre fome faim hunger hoimne uomo hombre homem homme man legumine legume legmnbre legume legume vegetable sanguine sangue sangre sangue sang blood semmare sermnare sembrar semear semer to sow The table before the last but one shows that Portuguese does not share this/-less word-form As previous ones have shown, Portuguese dif ers from Spanish in two other ways It participated in the b-v shift which Spanish resisted, and it resisted the replacement of e and o by the compounds le and ue Portuguese shares with French the tendency to slough off medial consonants It shares with Spanish elimination of a medial d, as illustrated by the first five, and, with no other Romance language the disappearance of 7, as illustrated by the last four examples in the next table. The reader will find other differences between Portu- guese and Spanish in Chapter VIII, p 345 LATIN ITALIAN SPANISH PORTUGUESE FRENCH ENGLISH cadere cadere caer CAIR choir* to fall credere credere creer CRER croire to believe fideh fedele FIEL fidele faithful audire udire 01T OUVIR ouirf to hear laudare lodare loar LOUVAR louer to praise caelo cielo c£u ciel sky colore colore color COR couleur colour salute salute salud SAUDE salut health volare volare volar VOAR voler to fly THE GREEK CONTRIBUTION The revolt against papal authority in the sixteenth century went hand in hand with biblical scholarship and a renewal of interest in Greek philosophy. Greek words, disguised by Latin spelling, came into English usage. At the beginning of the nineteenth century a steady * archaic^ the usual verb equivalent of to j"all is tomber f archaic^ the usual verb equivalent of to hear is entendre The imperative of ouir survives in our law courts as oyez9 oyez (hear> oh hear1).