How to Learn the Basic Word List 241

(2) Words containing the sound 3 (p 83) represented by the French

J oijeu (game) or G of rouge (red)j e g vision or treasure

(3) Words beginning with J and G pronounced as J in jam> e g

gentle') giant} jacket

(4) Neaily all words containing O/, e g boil, moisture^ soil

(5) All words in which OU stands for long u3 e g group, soup, tour

(6) Words beginning with CH followed by a (where ch = tsh\ e g

challenges change, charm

(7) Words with final GUE, initial QU, and final QUE, e g fatigue,

quarter, brusque

(8) All words in which final S and T are mute, e g debris, bouquet

(9) Nearly all words ending in -ANT, -ENT, e g agent, merchant,

student

(10) Most polysyllabic words with end stress, e g buffoon, campaign,
elite

At one time the habit of attaching Latin affixes to native words or
words containing a Greek or Teutonic root was frowned on So other
signposts are several Latin particles, or numerals used as affixes (contra-,
pre-y a- or ad-, ante-, per-, multi-y um-, di~, tn-) Some of these are
easily confused with Greek ones (a-, anti-> pen-) which do not mean
the same The abstract noun-ending -ton in constipation is also Latin,
as is the termination -it in deposit The following is a list of the more
common affixes of Latin or French origin and the characteristic
meaning of the prefixes

(a) PREFIXES

ab- (away) evtra- (beyond)
re- (again)

ad- (to) in- (in)
retro- (backward)

ambi- (both) in-, ne-> non- (not)
semi- (half)

ante- (before) inter- (between)
sine- (without)

bene- (well) intra- (within)
sub- (under)

bi- (twice) pen- (almost)
subter- (under)

circum- (around) per- (through)
super- (above)

contra- (against) post- (after)
tram" (across)

con- (with) pre- (before)
tn- (three)

de- (from) prefer- (beyond)
ultra- (beyond)

ex-, e- (out of) pro- (for, forth)
vice- (in place of)

(J) SUFFIXES

-able -ance -esque
-ite -ment

~aciom -ary -ess,
-ity -many

-acy -ery or ~ory -ette
-ive -tude

-age -ent) ant -ion
-ise

Like French, all Romance languages have a stock of old words of a
more familiar type derived directly from Vulgar Latin, and a newer,