The Classification of Languages 191

adduced is that the word for thzyoke is common to all Aiyan languages
(Old Indian yvgcan^ Greek zygon, Latrnjugum} Gothicyuk) Hence the
thingj as well as the name5 must have been part of primitive Aryan
culture Arguments of this kind are not convincing The fact that the

THE TEUTONIC VERB
A STRONG TYPE

ANGLO-AMERICAN
SWEDISH
DANISH
DUTCH
GERMAN

(a) to give
att givi
at give
te gevcn
zu geben

given (part )
^ivit
givet
gegeven
gegeben

give(s) (sing)
^jvei
1 f
geef(t)
gebe (gibt)

(plur)
giva
> givei •(
geeven
geben

gave (sing )
gav
\MV I
gaf
gab

(plur)
gŁ fo
f g&v i
gaven
gaben

(b) to come
att komrna
at kommc
te komen
zu kommen

come (pait )
kommit
kommet
gekoxnen
gekommen

comc(s) (sing ) (piur)
kommer kommo
ikommer i
kom(t) komen
komme(t) kominen

came (sing ) (plur)
kom komme
kom i
kwam kwamen
kam kamen

B WŁAK TYPE

ANGI O-AAICRICAN
SWEDISH
DANISH
DUTCH
GERMAN

(a) to work
att arbeta
at arbejde
te aibeiden
zu arbeiten

worked (part)
arbetat
arbe)det
gearbeid
gcarbeitet

work(s) (sing) (plur)
arbetar arbeta
V arbc)der -1
arbeide(t) arbeiden
arbeite(t) arbeiten

worked (sing ) (plur)
V arbctade
f arbejdede 4
arbeidcfe arbeidcfen
arbeitete arbeiteten

(6) to hear
att h6ra
at h0re
te hooien
zu horen

heard (part )
hort
h0rt
gehoord
gehort

hear(s) (sing ) (plur)
hor hora
> h0rer j
hoor(t) hooren
hore(z) hOren

heard (>ing ) (plur)
| h6rde
f h0ite 4
hoorde hoorden
horte horten

word yoke occurs; m all Aryan languages is explicable without burdening
the primitive Aryan dictionary. There is no reason whatsover why an
Aryan-speaking tribe should not have borrowed the yoke from a
non-Aryan-speaking commumty5 aad then passed it on to others.